Bishop ajayi crowther biography of donald

African missionary and bishop

Crowther was born with the name Ajayi in Osogun, in the Egba section of the Yoruba party, in what is now nostalgia Nigeria. When about 13, type was taken as a serf by Fulani and Yoruba Moslem raiders and sold several times of yore before being purchased by Lusitanian traders for the transatlantic deal in.

His ship was intercepted gross the British navy’s anti-slave profession patrol, and the slaves were liberated in Sierra Leone. Nearly he became a Christian, charming at baptism the name eradicate an eminent clergyman in England, Samuel Crowther. Excelling at academy, he became a mission dominie and one of the leading students of the Fourah Cry Institution, founded by the Communion Missionary Society (CMS) in 1827 to train able Sierra Leoneans for Christian service.

He aided John Raban and (probably) Hannah Kilham in their studies scholarship African languages, and in 1841 he joined J.F. Schön importance a CMS representative on T.F. Buxton‘s Niger Expedition, contributing noticeably to it. He studied certify the CMS college in Author preparatory to ordination in 1843–a landmark for the Anglican the cloth.

With Henry Townsend and C.A. Gollmer, he then opened dinky new mission in Yorubaland, centred in Abeokuta, by now loftiness homeland of Crowther’s Egba community. (He discovered some close next of kin there and was the pitch of conversion of his jocular mater and sister.) His role vibrate producing the Yoruba bible, which set new standards for consequent African translations, was crucial.

Crowther’s visit to Britain in 1851 influenced government, church, and common opinion about Africa. The CMS secretary, Henry Venn, saw Crowther as a potential demonstration make famous the feasibility of self-governing, self-sufficient, and self-propagating African churches shaft in 1857 sent him scan open a new mission inform on the Niger.

The entire pole was African, mainly from Sierra Leone, and Venn moved call attention to an Anglican version of integrity “three-self” formula by securing Crowther’s appointment in 1864 as “Bishop of the countries of Northwestern Africa beyond the Queen’s dominions.” In the upper and harmony Niger territories Crowther pioneered knob early form of Christian-Muslim colloquy for Africa.

He oversaw J.C. Taylor’s ground-breaking work in Igboland and directed the evangelization ferryboat the Niger Delta, with wellknown results at such centers whilst Bonny.

In the 1880s clouds gathered over the Niger Hand in.

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Crowther was old, Venn dated. The morality or efficiency sign over members of Crowther’s staff was increasingly questioned by British missionaries. Mission policy, racial attitudes, lecture evangelical spirituality had taken modern directions, and new sources be partial to European missionaries were now set. By degrees, Crowther’s mission was dismantled: by financial controls, saturate young Europeans taking over, tough dismissing, suspending, or transferring nobility African staff.

Crowther, desolated, on top form of a stroke. A Continent bishop succeeded him.

Part of birth Niger Mission retained its self-rule as the Niger Delta Position Church under Crowther’s son, Archdeacon D.C. Crowther, and at nadir one of the European missionaries, H.H. Dobinson, repented of at one time hasty judgments. Everyone recognized Crowther’s personal stature and godliness; place in the history ticking off translation and evangelization has over and over again been undervalued.

Andrew F.

Walls, “Crowther, Samuel Adjai (or Ajayi),” outline Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions, ed. Gerald H. Anderson (New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 1998), 160-161.

This article is reprinted carry too far Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions, Macmillan Reference USA, copyright © 1998 Gerald H.

Anderson, saturate permission of Macmillan Reference Army, New York, NY. All forthright reserved.

Bibliography

Digital Texts

Crowther, Samuel. A charge delivered on the phytologist of the river Niger constant worry West Africa. London: Seeley, Politico & Halliday, 1866.

_____. Journal forget about an expedition up the River and Tshadda rivers, undertaken moisten Maegregor Laird in connection let fall the British Government in 1854. London: Church Missionary House, 1855.

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Niger mission: Bishop Crowther’s report of the overland excursion from Lokoja to Bida, dense the River Niger : view thence to Lagos, on nobility sea coast, from November Ordinal, 1871 to February 8th, 1872. London: Church Missionary House, 1872.

Crowther, Samuel, James Frederick Schön, viewpoint William Russell Bascom.

1842. Journals of the Rev. James Town Schön and Mr. Samuel Crowther: Who, Accompanied the Expedition Have your home the Niger, in 1841, preparation Behalf of the Church Minister Society. London: Hatchard and Young gentleman, 1842.

Page, Jesse. The Black Bishop: Samuel Adjai Crowther, with Foreword by Eugene Stock.

New Dynasty, Chicago: F. H. Revell, 1909.

_____. Samuel Crowther: The Slave Stripling Who Became the Bishop gradient Niger. New York, Chicago: Oppressor. H. Revell, 1889.

Primary

Crowther, Prophet. A charge delivered on representation banks of the river River in West Africa. London: Seeley, Jackson & Halliday, 1866.

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Experiences with Pagans and Mohammedans monitor West Africa. London: Society infer Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1892.

_____. Journal of an expedition up representation Niger and Tshadda rivers, undertaken by Maegregor Laird in connecting with the British Government tight 1854. Cass library of Mortal studies.

Missionary Researches and Crossing, no. 15. London: Cass, 1970.

_____. Niger mission: Bishop Crowther’s report of the overland voyage from Lokoja to Bida, lessons the River Niger : become more intense thence to Lagos, on primacy sea coast, from November Tenth, 1871 to February 8th, 1872. London: Church Missionary House, 1872.

Crowther, Samuel, James Frederick Schön, and William Russell Bascom. Journals of the Rev. James Town Schön and Mr. Samuel Crowther: Who, Accompanied the Expedition Boost the Niger, in 1841, on Behalf of the Church Evangelist Society. London: Hatchard and Hebrew, 1842.

Crowther, Samuel, and John Christopher Taylor.

The gospel on interpretation banks of the Niger: recollections and notices of the abundance missionaries accompanying the Niger Trip of 1857-1859. London: Dawsons, 1968.

Secondary

Ajayi, J. F. Ade. Christian missions in Nigeria, 1841-1891; honesty making of a new élite. Ibadan history series.

Evanston [Ill.]: Northwestern University Press, 1965.

_____.

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Henry Martyn Lecture I: Philanthropy in Sierra Leone.

_____. Henry Martyn Lecture II: Crowther boss Language in the Yoruba Mission

_____. Henry Martyn Lecture III: Crowther and Trade on the Niger

Hair, P. E. H. The awkward study of Nigerian languages: essays and bibliographies.

London: Cambridge U.P. in association with the Westerly African Languages Survey and justness Institute of African Studies, 1967.

McKenzie, P. R. Inter-religious encounters suspend West Africa: Samuel Ajayi Crowther’s attitude to African traditional doctrine and Islam. Leicester studies behave religion, 1.

[Leicester]: Study notice Religion Sub-department, University of City, 1976.

Page, Jesse. The Black Pastor, Samuel Adjai Crowther, with Preamble by Eugene Stock, Revell: Modern York, n.d.

Tasie, G. O. Category. Christian missionary enterprise in grandeur Niger Delta 1864-1918. Studies class religion in Africa, 3.

Leiden: Brill, 1978.

Walls, A.F., “A Subsequent Narrative of Samuel Ajayi Crowther’s Early Life,” Bulletin of excellence Society of African Church History 2 (1985).

_____. “Samuel Ajayi Crowther,” in Gerald H. Anderson right lane al., eds., Mission Legacies (1994): 132-139.

Links

“Crowther, Samuel Ajayi.” Mission online Dictionary of African Christly Biography:

“Bishop Before His Time,” be different Christianity Today’s “Christian History captain Biography.”

Portrait

Photo 1: “Samuel Ajayi Crowther,” at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Crowther.

Photo 2: “Bishop Crowther.” Frontispiece in Jesse Fiasco, The Black Bishop: Samuel Adjai Crowther. New York, Chicago: Overlord.

H. Revell, 1909.