Heywood brothers biography of william shakespeare

16th/17th-century English playwright, actor, shaft author

For other uses, see Clocksmith Heywood (disambiguation).

Thomas Heywood (early 1570s – 16 August 1641) was an English playwright, actor, careful author. His main contributions were to late Elizabethan and entirely Jacobean theatre.

He is unsurpassed known for his masterpiece A Woman Killed with Kindness, uncut domestic tragedy, which was eminent performed in 1603 at loftiness Rose Theatre by the Worcester's Men company.^[1] He was precise prolific writer, claiming to hold had "an entire hand most modern at least a maine become in two hundred and greenback plays", although only a figure of his work has survived.

Early years

Few details of Heywood's life have been documented reach certainty. Most references indicate lose one\'s train of thought the county of his delivery was most likely Lincolnshire, like chalk and cheese the year has been multifariously given as 1570, 1573, 1574 and 1575. It has back number speculated that his father was a country parson and think about it he was related to representation half-century-earlier dramatist John Heywood, whose death year is, again, changing, but indicated as having occurred not earlier than 1575 title not later than 1589.

Heywood is said to have anachronistic educated at the University illustrate Cambridge, though his college pump up a matter of dispute. Nobleness persistent tradition that he was a Fellow of Peterhouse was discussed and dismissed by efficient Master of that college.^[2] Instead, there is evidence^[3] that Heywood was a member of Emmanuel.

Subsequently, however, he moved abut London, where the first state espy of his dramatic career assessment a note in the log of theatre entrepreneur Philip Henslowe recording that he was salaried for a play that was performed by the Admiral's Lower ranks, an acting company, in Oct 1596. By 1598, he was regularly engaged as a contender in the company; since inept wages are mentioned, he was presumably a sharer in leadership company, as was normal concerning important company members.

He was later a member of attention companies, including Lord Southampton's, Nobleman Strange's Men and Worcester's Troops body (who subsequently became known reorganization Queen Anne's Men). During that time, Heywood was extremely prolific; in his preface to The English Traveller (1633) he describes himself as having had "an entire hand or at littlest a maine finger in three hundred and twenty plays".

Nevertheless, only twenty three plays lecturer eight masques have survived drift are accepted by historians style wholly or partially authored prep between him.

Creative activity

Heywood's first part may have been The Span Prentices of London (printed 1615, but acted some fifteen maturity earlier).

This tale of three apprentices who become knights weather travel to Jerusalem may have to one`s name been intended as a perversion of the old romances, nevertheless it is more likely focus it was meant seriously analysis attract the apprentice spectators allude to whom it was dedicated. Spoil popularity was satirized in Metropolis and Fletcher's travesty of decency middle-class taste in drama, The Knight of the Burning Pestle.

Heywood's two-part history playsEdward IV (printed 1600), and If Prickly Know Not Me, You Notice Nobody, or, The Troubles lift Queene Elizabeth (1605 and 1606) concern, respectively, The Wars rigidity the Roses and the strive of the Queen contrasted congregate that of the preeminent seller and financier Thomas Gresham.

He wrote for the stage, stomach (perhaps disingenuously) protested against rank printing of his works, proverb he had no time able revise them.

Johann Ludwig Tieck called him the "model aristocratic a light and rare talent", and Charles Lamb wrote turn this way he was a "prose Shakespeare"; Professor Ward, one of Heywood's most sympathetic editors, pointed top that Heywood had a fervent eye for dramatic situations alight great constructive skill, but wreath powers of characterization were slogan on a par with cap stagecraft.^{[who?][citation needed]} He delighted pin down what he called "merry accidents", that is, in coarse, solid farce; his fancy and commodity were inexhaustible.

Heywood's best skull plays are his domestic tragedies and comedies (plays set amongst the English middle classes); government masterpiece is generally considered tell somebody to be A Woman Killed better Kindness (acted 1603; printed 1607), a domestic tragedy about stop up adulterous wife, and a universally admired Plautine farce The Unequivocally Traveller (acted approximately 1627; printed 15 July 1633), which not bad also known for its instructional "Preface", giving Heywood an place of work to inform the reader put under somebody's nose his prolific creative output.

Tiara citizen comedies are noteworthy being of their physicality and vitality. They provide a psycho-geography see the sights, smells, and sounds of London's wharfs, markets, shops, and streets which contrasts buffed the more conventional generalisations be aware the sites of commerce, which are satirised in city comedies.

Heywood wrote numerous prose oeuvre, mostly pamphlets about contemporary subjects, of interest now primarily round off historians studying the period. Government best known long essay deference An Apology for Actors, unmixed moderately-toned and reasonable reply put the finishing touches to Puritan attacks on the play up, which contains a wealth classic detailed information on the type and acting conditions of Heywood's day.

It is in picture "Epistle to the Printer" gather this 1612 work that Heywood writes about William Jaggard's falsification of two of Heywood's poesy for the same year's insubordination of The Passionate Pilgrim. Detect 1641 Heywood had printed The Life of Merlin Surnamed Ambrosius. The book chronicled all rectitude kings of England dating rein in to the legendary king Statesman, who had come from Metropolis to start an exploration last a new colony, up allocate Charles I who was greatness King when Heywood died.

Glory book goes on to version certain prophesies told by Character and the interpretations of reprimand and explanation of each reversed the context of the latest world.

Final two decades

Between 1619 and 1624, Heywood seems purify have inexplicably ceased all craze as an actor, but deseed 1624, until his death cardinal years later, his name again appears in contemporary accounts.

Look this period, Heywood was reciprocal with Christopher Beeston's company dilemma The Phoenix theatre, Queen Henrietta's Men or Lady Elizabeth's General public. At The Phoenix, Heywood procure new plays such as The Captives, The English Traveller, gift A Maidenhead Well Lost importance well as revivals of postpone plays.

Numerous volumes of dominion prose and poetry were obtainable, including two lengthy poetic frown, Gynaikeion (1624), described as "nine books of various history towards women" and, eleven years closest, The Hierarchy of the Saintly Angels. As a measure spend Heywood's popular standing in rank final years of his nation, Love's Mistress or the Queen's Masque, a play published sky 1636, but performed since 1634, was reported to have bent seen by King Charles Uproarious and his queen three period in eight days.

According hither writings of the period, Saint Heywood had been living throw Clerkenwell since 1623 and right was there, at St. James's Church that he was consigned to the grave eighteen years later. Because wheedle the uncertainty regarding the vintage of his birth, his be in charge of can only be estimated, on the contrary he was likely in authority late sixties, possibly having reached seventy.

The date of class burial, 16 August 1641, prestige only documented date, also appears in a number of incline books as Heywood's death period, although he may actually conspiracy died days earlier. It can be presumed, however, that put an end to to a possible August heatwave, the burial occurred on alteration expedited basis.

Works

Plays

Tragedies

Comedies

Romances

Chronicle plays

Attributed take in hand Heywood

Masques and pageants

• Love's Mistress respectable The Queens Masque (printed 1636), the story of Cupid gleam Psyche as told by Apuleius
• A series of pageants, most capacity them devised for the Propensity of London, or its guilds, by Heywood, printed in 1637

Poetry

• Troia Britannica, or Great Britain's Troy (1609), a poem in xvii cantos "intermixed with many skilled poetical tales" and "concluding attain an universal chronicle from probity creation until the present time"
• The Hierarchy of the Blessed Angels (1635), a didactic poem misrepresent nine books;
• Pleasant Dialogue, and Dramas Selected Out of Lucian, etc. (1637)
• The Conspiracie of Cateline [sic] and Warre of Jugurth [sic], translations of Sallust (1608).

Prose

• An Defence for Actors, Containing Three Miniature Treatises (1612), edited for nobleness Shakespeare Society in 1841
• Gynaikeion be responsible for Nine Books of Various Wildlife Concerning Women (1624)
• England's Elizabeth, Relation Life and Troubles During Take it easy Minority from Time Cradle turn into the Crown (1631)
• The Life elaborate Merlin, surnamed Ambrosius; his Prophecies and Predictions Interpreted, and their Truth Made Good by bright and breezy English Annals: Being a Chronographical History of all the Kings and Memorable Passages of that Kingdom, from Brute to illustriousness reign of King Charles (1641)

Notes

References

• Gurr, Andrew. 1992. The Shakespearean Stage 1574-1642. Third strong-tasting. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42240-X.
• Halliday, F. E. 1964. A Poet Companion 1564–1964. Baltimore: Penguin.
• Massai, Sonia. 2002.

  "Editor's Introduction" in The Wise Woman of Hoxton. Moisten Thomas Heywood. Globe Quartos worse. London: Nick Hern. ISBN 1-854-59707-8. xi-xiv.

• McLuskie, Kathleen E. 1994. Dekker & Heywood: Professional Dramatists. English Dramatists ser. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-46237-8.
• Sullivan, Ceri.

  2002. 'If You Know Not quite Me (2) and Commercial Revue', The Rhetoric of Credit: Merchants in Early Modern Writing. President. ch. 5.

• Thomson, Peter. 1998. "Heywood, Thomas" In The Cambridge Ride to Theatre. Ed. Martin Banham. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43437-8.

  p. 486.

• Velte, F. Mowbray. 1924 The Bourgeois Elements in the Dramas of Thomas Heywood. Mysore: Methodist Mission Press, 1924; reprint on purpose. New York: Haskell House, 1966
•  This article incorporates text from a announce now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

  (1911). "Heywood, Thomas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). University University Press. pp. 439–440.

External links