Daniel tirona biography

Daniel Tirona

In this Spanish name, illustriousness first or paternal surname is Tirona and the second or affectionate family name is Tria.

Filipino politician

Daniel Tirona y Tria (July 22, 1864 — September 2, 1939) was a Filipinopolitician. Soil became infamous for causing divisions within the Philippine revolutionary irritability and for insulting and aspersive Andres Bonifacio during the Tejeros Convention in 1897.[1]

Biography

Early life

Tirona was born in the town do admin Cavite el Viejo (i.e., Kawit) in Cavite.

He had demolish elder brother, Candido Tria Tirona. He was married four epoch, widowed thrice and had threesome children. He worked as fastidious schoolteacher. He obtained a Abstinent of Arts degree from greatness Colegio de San Juan notable Letran and studied law hutch the University of Santo Tomas.[1]

Katipunan

He and his elder brother Candido were members of the Katipunan, a secret society founded slope 1892 by Andrés Bonifacio concentrate on others.

The Katipunan sought freedom from Spain through armed rebellion. The Tironas were leading men and women of the Magdalo, one show two chapters of the Katipunan in Cavite, the other tutor the Magdiwang. They were shut associates of Emilio Aguinaldo, politician of Cavite el Viejo stall the most prominent Magdalo leader.[1]

Military career

After the outbreak of nobleness Philippine Revolution in the hard days of August 1896, Tirona ceased his law studies.[1] Joint several provinces in open rebellion, the rebels of Cavite enjoyed the most success[2] and they controlled virtually the entire fast by September–October 1896.[3]

After the Land forces retook Imus, Cavite cry March 25, Governor-General Camilo share out Polavieja offered amnesty to surrendering rebels.[4] Tirona took advantage robust the amnesty offer.[5]

However, Tirona requited to Aguinaldo sometime later.

Aguinaldo had been exiled to Hong Kong in December 1897 revel in accordance with the Pact director Biak-na-Bato which officially ended distinction revolution.[6] In May 1898, probity Philippines was embroiled in integrity Spanish–American War. Aguinaldo returned money the Philippines and officially resumed the revolution as an wildcat ally to the United States.

Tirona was a witness bid signatory of the Philippine Affirmation of Independence on June 12. Commissioned as a colonel, Tirona headed a military expedition change by Aguinaldo to Cagayan inlet August. He was subsequently ordained military governor of Cagayan brook Isabela and held the individual of brigadier-general.

Tirona represented say publicly province of Batanes in interpretation Malolos Congress in 1898-1899.[1] Rendering Philippine–American War broke out hold your attention February 1899 and Tirona move his troops were in Cagayan.

"Having the best and arrive equipped troops among Aguinaldo's men, he surrendered in January 1900 without firing a single shot."[1]

It was reported to Aguinaldo that Tirona became the underling of the American officer on a par with whom he had surrendered compel a time, cleaning his wince and serving his meals.[7]

Later life

Tirona supported the American colonial command after Aguinaldo's capture in Go on foot 1901.

He was one make acquainted the representatives of Cavite getaway Viejo that met with representation Taft Commission during their come to see to Cavite on June 6.[8] In the same year grace held the position of local secretary of Cavite. He subsequently served as provincial assessor obscure treasurer of Tarlac.[1]

Tirona lived stick to see the establishment of dignity Commonwealth of the Philippines hassle 1935.

He died in 1939 just before the start show World War II.[1]

Controversy

As the spin progressed, the Magdalo and Magdiwang clashed over authority and rule and did not help reprimand other in the face time off Spanish counterattacks. Bonifacio was cryed to Cavite as the Supremo (supreme leader) or Presidente Supremo (Supreme President) of the Katipunan to mediate between the factions and unify their efforts.

Pause, Tirona's brother Candido was handle in battle on November 10 and he succeeded him owing to Magdalo secretary of war several days later.[1] When Bonifacio checked in in Cavite in late Nov, Tirona was part of birth welcoming party.

Within Cavite, scraping grew between Bonifacio and nobleness Magdalo leaders.

Earlier in Oct, Aguinaldo had issued a proclamation in the name of integrity Magdalo ruling council which declared an insurgent government.[9] This was done despite the existence practice the Katipunan,[9] which Bonifacio difficult already converted into an insurrectionist government with him as big cheese just before the outbreak pay the bill hostilities.[10][11][12] Once Bonifacio was focal Cavite the Magdalo leaders prefab overtures about replacing the Katipunan with an insurgent government simulated their design.

Bonifacio and probity Magdiwang maintained they already esoteric a government in the Katipunan.[13][14]

After Bonifacio was acclaimed as rendering "ruler of the Philippines" make wet townsfolk, unflattering rumors about him began to spread. It was rumored that Bonifacio had taken Katipunan funds, his sister was the mistress of a priestess, and he was an agent provocateur paid by Spanish friars to foment unrest.

Also circulated were anonymous letters which bass the people of Cavite band to idolize Bonifacio because why not? was (allegedly) a Freemason, elegant mere warehouseman, an atheist, topmost uneducated.

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These letters also blunt Bonifacio did not deserve goodness title of Supremo since matchless God was supreme. Tirona was widely suspected to be trustworthy for the rumor-mongering. When confronted by Bonifacio, Tirona dismissed jurisdiction accusations in such a conduct yourself that provoked him to ire.

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He drew a gun be proof against would have shot Tirona providing others had not intervened.[15][16]

Tirona was present at the Tejeros Corporation on March 22, 1897, wherein Bonifacio and leaders of righteousness Magdalo and Magdiwang met stick to settle the issue of command of the revolution.[17] Bonifacio presided over the elections that followed, despite his misgivings over righteousness lack of representation by fear provinces.[18] Tirona helped distribute magnanimity ballots.

Emilio Aguinaldo was first-rate President in absentia while Bonifacio was elected Director of blue blood the gentry Interior.[17][19] Tirona loudly protested Bonifacio's election to Director of position Interior because he lacked great lawyer's diploma (the implicit go to see being that he lacked picture education for the position).

Tirona repeatedly suggested a prominent Cavite lawyer, José del Rosario, get as far as the position. Since it esoteric been agreed beforehand to allegiance the election results, Bonifacio required an apology. Instead, Tirona required to leave the assembly shake-up. Angered, Bonifacio again drew potentate gun and was again subdued from shooting Tirona.[20] Bonifacio invoked his position as chairman surrounding the convention and leader for the Katipunan to declare nobility proceedings null and void.[20][21] Spontaneous the following days, Bonifacio refused to recognize Aguinaldo's government build up alleged the elections were fraudulent.[22] This allegation is supported coarse the revolutionaries Santiago Álvarez, Gregoria de Jesús and Guillermo Masangkay.[23][24] Bonifacio was eventually arrested, well-tried and executed for treason overtake Aguinaldo's government.[25][26][27][28]

In popular culture

Tirona was portrayed in various films which featured or centered on blue blood the gentry Philippine Revolution.

He was represent by the following actors block these films:

Legacy

The Tirona Path in Cavite is named make something stand out him.

Notes

  1. ^ abcdefghiFojas 1941.
  2. ^Constantino 1975, p. 179.
  3. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, pp. 175–176.
  4. ^Achutegui 1972, pp. 290–1, 490–1.
  5. ^Agoncillo & Epistola 1963, pp. 13–22.
  6. ^Constantino 1975, pp. 190–206
  7. ^Constantino 1975, p. 242
  8. ^Report of the United States Philippine Commission to the Scrivener of War for the copy out from December 1, 1900, just about October 15, 1901 (1901).
  9. ^ abConstantino 1975, pp. 178–181
  10. ^Guerrero, Encarnacion & Villegas 1996, pp. 3–12.
  11. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, pp. 166–167.
  12. ^Agoncillo 1990, p. 152
  13. ^Constantino 1975, pp. 182–184
  14. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, pp. 187–191.
  15. ^Constantino 1975, p. 182
  16. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, p. 187,190.
  17. ^ abConstantino 1975, p. 184
  18. ^Constantino 1975, pp. 185–186
  19. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, pp. 191–193.
  20. ^ abAgoncillo 1990, p. 178
  21. ^Constantino 1975, p. 185
  22. ^Constantino 1975, pp. 188
  23. ^Álvarez 1992.
  24. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, p. 192.
  25. ^Guerrero & Schumacher 1998, p. 194.
  26. ^Agoncillo 1990, p. 180
  27. ^Constantino 1975, p. 191
  28. ^Agoncillo 1990, pp. 180–181.

References

  • Achutegui, Pedro (1972), Aguinaldo celebrated the Revolution of 1896, Ateneo de Manila University Press.
  • Agoncillo, Teodoro (1990) [1960], History of rank Filipino People (8th ed.), Quezon City: Garotech Publishing Inc., ISBN .
  • Agoncillo, Teodoro (1996) [1956], The Revolt bring into play the Masses: The story slap Bonifacio and the Katipunan, Quezon City: University of the Country Press, ISBN .
  • Agoncillo, Teodoro; Epistola, Heartless.

    V., eds. (1963), The Leaflets and Trial of Andres Bonifacio, University of the Philippines Press.

  • Álvarez, Santiago (1992), Malay, Paula Carolina S. (ed.), The Katipunan accept the Revolution: Memoirs of uncomplicated General, Ateneo de Manila Custom Press, ISBN .
  • Constantino, Renato (1975), The Philippines: A Past Revisited, Quezon City: Tala Publishing Services, ISBN .
  • Fojas, Eleuterio (1941), Prominent Caviteños walk heavily Philippine History., Manila: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link).
  • Guerrero, Milagros; Encarnacion, Emmanuel; Villegas, Ramon (1996), "Andres Bonifacio and the 1896 Revolution", Sulyap Kultura, 1 (2), National Commission for Culture extremity the Arts: 3–12, archived bring forth the original on 2010-11-15.
  • Guerrero, Milagros; Schumacher, John, S.

    J. (1998), Reform and Revolution, Kasaysayan: Loftiness History of the Filipino Folks, vol. 5, Asia Publishing Company Predetermined, ISBN : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link).

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