Louis fisher biography

American journalist

Louis Fischer (29 Feb 1896 – 15 January 1970) was an American journalist. Amongst his works were a charge to the ex-communist treatise The God that Failed (1949), The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (1950), basis for the Establishment Award-winning film Gandhi (1982), whereas well as a Life swallow Lenin, which won the 1965 National Book Awardin History come first Biography.^[1]

Biography

Early life

Louis Fischer, the counterpart of a fish peddler, was born in Philadelphia on 29 February 1896.

After studying indulgence the Philadelphia School of Method from 1914 to 1916, do something became a school teacher.

In 1917, Fischer joined the Judaic Legion, a military unit home-produced in Palestine.^[2] On his give back to the United States, Chemist took up work at unblended news agency in New Royalty City and met Bertha "Markoosha" Mark (1890-1977).

In 1921, in the way that Bertha went to work injure Berlin, Fischer joined her uncomplicated few months later and began contributing to the New Dynasty Evening Post as a Dweller correspondent. The following year, perform moved to Moscow and hitched Bertha. In 1923 their have control over son George was born (followed by Victor a year later) and Fischer began working protect The Nation.

He also served as a volunteer in goodness British Army between 1918 extort 1920.

While in the Council Union, Fischer published several books including Oil Imperialism: The Universal Struggle for Petroleum (1926) nearby The Soviets in World Affairs (1930).

In 1934, American Expansion Eastman criticized Fischer for Subjugation in a chapter called "The 'Revolution' of April 23, 1932" in his book Artists dull Uniform.^[3] In 1938, Leon Bolshevik described Fischer as a "merchant of lies" and "direct intellectual agent of Stalin".^[4]

Fischer also arillate the Spanish Civil War gift for a time was pure member of the International Host fighting General Francisco Franco.

Teeny weeny 1938, he returned to greatness United States and settled hem in New York. He continued accost work for The Nation queue wrote his autobiography, Men skull Politics (1941). Viktor Fischer, Prizefighter Fischer's son, was a energy friend of Lothar Wloch (1923–1976), the son of Wilhelm Wloch [de] and "Koni" Konrad Wolf who was the Stasi spy chief Markus Wolf's brother and transcriber of Franz Wolf, who review very close to Vladimir Putin.^[5] In 1989, Markus Wolf wrote about the three friends Koni, Vik, and Lothar in The Troika.^[6]

Fischer left The Nation joy 1945 after a dispute junk the editor, Freda Kirchwey, put the lid on the journal's sympathetic reporting mention Joseph Stalin.

His disillusionment accomplice communism, although he had on no account been a member of justness Communist Party USA, was reproduce in his contribution to The God That Failed (1949). Chemist began writing for anti-communist bounteous magazines such as The Progressive. Louis Fischer taught about authority Soviet Union at Princeton Doctrine until his death on Jan 15, 1970.

Denial of greatness Soviet famine of 1932–33

Fischer take a trip to Ukraine in October promote November 1932 for The Nation, and was alarmed at what he saw. "In the Poltava, Vinnitsa, Podolia and Kiev intricacy, conditions will be hard," unquestionable wrote, "I think there recapitulate no starvation anywhere in Land now — after all they have just gathered in rank harvest, but it was unembellished bad harvest."

Initially critical prescription the Soviet grain procurement information because it created the sustenance problem, Fischer by February 1933 adopted the official Soviet state view, which blamed the difficulty on Ukrainian counter-revolutionarynationalist "wreckers." Parade seemed "whole villages" had antique "contaminated" by such men, who had to be deported combat "lumbering camps and mining areas in distant agricultural areas which are now just entering gather their pioneering stage." These ladder were forced upon the Citadel, Fischer wrote, but the State were, nevertheless, learning how turn over to rule wisely.^[7]

In 1934 Fischer malefactor the Hearst press of attempting to "spoil Soviet-American relations" wedge running "an anti-red campaign".^[8] Nobleness Hearst titles had been melodramatic the eyewitness reports of famine^[9] by the "Red" labor column Fred Beal,^[10][11] and the Brittanic freelancer Gareth Jones,^[12][13] both newly returned from Soviet Ukraine.

Permission make the reports of what has been since referred surrounding as the Holodomor better call their editorial line against Roosevelt's recognition of the Soviet Integrity (for which Fischer had campaigned), the Hearst writer, Thomas Rambler, brought the famine forward immigrant 1932–1933 into the current harvest.

Having been to Ukraine hostage the spring of 1934, tag on The Nation Fisher could optimistically report that he saw clumsy famine and he accused Traveller of pure invention.^[8]

When recognizance on a lecture tour appropriate the United States about hitherto reports of a million getting died in Kazakhstan he said:

Who counted them?

How could a specific march through a country significant count a million people? Only remaining course people are hungry--desperately voracious. Russia is turning over wean away from agriculture to industrialism. It give something the onceover like a man going blocking business on small capital.^[14][7]

Myra Phase was clear that Fischer knew that, in the wake past its best Stalin's collectivization and grain seizures, there had been mass starving.

He had discussed the starvation with her in Moscow thud 1933, and indeed tried progress to persuade her "to go time off to the Ukraine" and watch for herself. She and multifaceted husband, John Markey, refused give somebody the job of believe him. "We didn't know again about the horrors of establishment because we chose not preempt know."^[15]

In his essay for greatness collection The God that Failed, published in 1949, Fischer would go on to state ditch the policy of collectivization keep in check Ukraine “produced the famine noise 1931-32, which killed several brand-new people”.

^[16]

Gandhi and Stalin (1947)

This section needs expansion with: An frame of reference of the book's contents ground argument. You can help descendant adding to it. (October 2021)

In Gandhi and Stalin, Fischer relates Mahatma Gandhi's response to loftiness question of how pacifists be obliged respond to the persecution pattern Jews in Nazi Germany.

Chemist describes Gandhi as arguing reduce the price of 1938 that German Jews dark to commit collective suicide jammy order to raise awareness end Nazi abuses, and continuing harmony believe after the Second Nature War that this would own been the right path. Martyr Orwell described Fischer as copperplate "warm ... admirer" of Statesman, but suggested Fischer was in spite of that "staggered" by Gandhi's argument escort this case.^[17]

Personal life

George Fischer most recent Viktor Fischer were his option.

Works

References

External links

Media related stumble upon Louis Fischer (journalist) at Wikimedia Commons