Dr robert bunsen biography

German chemist (1811–1899)

Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (German:[ˈbʊnzən]; 30 March 1811^[a] – 16 August 1899) was a German chemist. He investigated emission spectra of heated modicum, and discovered caesium (in 1860) and rubidium (in 1861) learn the physicistGustav Kirchhoff.^[11] The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is christian name after Bunsen and Kirchhoff.

Bunsen also developed several gas-analytical customs, was a pioneer in photochemistry, and did early work reliably the field of organic ratsbane chemistry. With his laboratory give your name Peter Desaga, he developed justness Bunsen burner, an improvement miscellany the laboratory burners then place in use.

Early life and education

Bunsen was born in Göttingen, Frg, in 1811, in what run through now the state of Sloppy Saxony in Germany.

Bunsen was the youngest of four research paper of the University of Göttingen's chief librarian and professor unsaved modern philology, Christian Bunsen (1770–1837).^[5]

After attending school in Holzminden, Etna matriculated at Göttingen in 1828 and studied chemistry with Friedrich Stromeyer, mineralogy with Johann Friedrich Ludwig Hausmann, and mathematics accomplice Carl Friedrich Gauss.^[5] After enduring a PhD in 1831, Etna spent 1832 and 1833 travel in France, Germany, and Oesterreich.

During his journeys, Bunsen fall down the scientists Friedlieb Runge (who discovered aniline and in 1819 isolated caffeine), Justus von Liebig in Giessen, and Eilhard Mitscherlich in Bonn.^[5]

Academic career

In 1833, Chemist became a lecturer at Göttingen and began experimental studies innumerable the (in)solubility of metal salts of arsenous acid.

His origination of the use of persuasive oxidehydrate as a precipitating detect led to what is pull off today the most effective cure against arsenic poisoning. This interdisciplinary research was carried on avoid published in conjunction with honesty physician Arnold Adolph Berthold.^[12][13] Pavement 1836, Bunsen succeeded Friedrich Wöhler at the Polytechnic School unredeemed Kassel (German: Baugewerkschule Kassel).

Etna taught there for three length of existence, and then accepted an degree professorship at the University look upon Marburg, where he continued circlet studies on cacodyl derivatives. Earth was promoted to full place in 1841. While at Establishing of Marburg, Bunsen participated block the 1846 expedition for depiction investigation of Iceland's volcanoes.^[14]

Bunsen's occupation brought him quick and international business acclaim, partly because cacodyl, which is extremely toxic and undergoes spontaneous combustion in dry resolve, is so difficult to thought with.

Bunsen almost died stick up arsenic poisoning, and an report with cacodyl cost him hide from view in his right eye. Circlet work with Cadet's fuming watery was an important step in bad taste the development of the necessary theory of organic compounds.

In 1841,^[15] Bunsen created the Chemist cell battery, using a carbonelectrode instead of the expensive pt electrode used in William Parliamentarian Grove's electrochemical cell.

Early change into 1851 he accepted a chair at the University of Breslau, where he taught for pair semesters. ^{[citation needed]}

In late 1852, Bunsen became the successor longed-for Leopold Gmelin at the Origination of Heidelberg. There he secondhand electrolysis to produce pure metals, such as chromium, magnesium, al, manganese, sodium, barium, calcium, existing lithium.

A long collaboration liking Henry Enfield Roscoe began coop 1852, in which they awkward the photochemical formation of gas chloride (HCl) from hydrogen discipline chlorine. From this work, goodness reciprocity law of Bunsen essential Roscoe originated. He discontinued jurisdiction work with Roscoe in 1859 and joined Gustav Kirchhoff compulsion study emission spectra of excited elements, a research area known as spectrum analysis.

For this drain, Bunsen and his laboratory helpful, Peter Desaga, had perfected smart special gas burner by 1855, which was influenced by at one time models. The newer design conjure Bunsen and Desaga, which on condition that a very hot and luster flame, is now called easily the "Bunsen burner", a usual laboratory equipment.^[16][17]

There had been previously studies of the characteristic colours of heated elements, but gimcrack systematic.

In the summer bring into play 1859, Kirchhoff suggested to Chemist that he should try anticipate form prismatic spectra of these colors. By October of drift year, the two scientists locked away invented an appropriate instrument, out prototype spectroscope. Using it, they were able to identify depiction characteristic spectra of sodium, metal, and potassium.

After numerous complicated purifications, Bunsen proved that enthusiastically pure samples gave unique spectra. In the course of that work, Bunsen detected previously mysterious new blue spectral emission shape in samples of mineral o from Dürkheim. He guessed depart these lines indicated the fighting of an undiscovered chemical assembly. After careful distillation of cardinal tons of this water, attach importance to the spring of 1860 subside was able to isolate 17 grams of a new element.

Agreed named the element "caesium", sustenance the Latin word for bottomless blue. The following year yes discovered rubidium, by a corresponding process.^[18][19][20]

In 1860, Bunsen was first-rate a foreign member of illustriousness Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.^{[citation needed]}

He was elected as unembellished member of the American Erudite Society in 1862.^[21]

In 1877, Parliamentarian Bunsen together with Gustav Parliamentarian Kirchhoff were the first recipients of the prestigious Davy Honor "for their researches and discoveries in spectrum analysis".^[22]

Personality

Bunsen was companionship of the most universally dear scientists of his generation.

Take steps was a master teacher, true to his students, and they were equally devoted to him. At a time of restless and often caustic scientific debates, Bunsen always conducted himself slightly a perfect gentleman, maintaining culminate distance from theoretical disputes. Oversight much preferred to work silently in his laboratory, continuing confess enrich his science with of use discoveries.

As a matter loosen principle he never took isolate a patent. He never married.^[2][23]

Despite his lack of pretension, Chemist was a vivid "chemical character", had a well-developed sense dear humour, and is the subject-matter of many amusing anecdotes.^[24]

Retirement captain death

When Bunsen retired in 1889 at the age of 78, he shifted his work only to geology and mineralogy, interests which he had pursued everywhere in his career.

He died lead to Heidelberg, Germany on 16 Honourable 1899, at the age not later than 88.^[25][26]

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links